電子部品サプライヤー | トランスフォーマー, インダクタ, インバータ
トランス (トランス) – Comprehensive Guide
1. Main Types of Trafo
(1) By Cooling Method
Oil-Immersed Trafo
Uses insulating oil for cooling, suitable for high-voltage and high-capacity applications (例えば, grid substations).
Common Models: オナン (natural cooling), オンオフ (強制空冷), OFAF (forced oil and air cooling).
Dry-Type Trafo
Oil-free design, insulated by air or resin, ideal for fire-sensitive environments (例えば, 病院, データセンター).
Common Models: SCB (epoxy resin-cast), シンガポール (open-type).
(2) By Application
Distribution Trafo
電圧レベル: 10kV/0.4kV, used for end-user power supply (例えば, 住宅地, 工場).
Power Trafo
Voltage levels ≥110kV, used in transmission networks (例えば, substation main transformers).
Special Trafo
Includes rectifier transformers (for electrolysis), mining transformers (explosion-proof design), 等.
2. 主な仕様
| パラメータ | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 定格容量 | 例えば, 100kVA, 5000kVA; must be calculated based on load. |
| 電圧比 | Input/output voltage (例えば, 10kV/0.4kV). |
| インピーダンス電圧 | Typically 4%~10%, affects short-circuit current. |
| Connection Group | 例えば, ダイナ11 (common for distribution), はい0 (balanced low-voltage loads). |
| 冷却方法 | オナン, オンオフ, OFWF (油浸); オン/オフ (乾式). |
| Efficiency Class | Chinese standard (GB 20052): クラス 1 (highest efficiency), クラス 2, クラス 3. |
3. アプリケーション
Power Systems: Voltage step-up/down, grid interconnection.
産業用: Power supply for motors, 炉 (custom impedance may be required).
再生可能エネルギー: PV/wind grid integration (must withstand harmonics).
Rail Transit: Traction transformers (25kV/50Hz).
4. Selection Guide
Indoor Installation: Prefer dry-type (fireproof) or fully sealed oil-immersed.
Outdoor Installation: Oil-immersed (protection class ≥IP55).
High Load Fluctuations: Choose models with strong overload capacity (例えば, ONAF cooling).
5. よくある質問
Q: How to choose between oil-immersed and dry-type transformers?
あ: Oil-immersed offers lower cost and higher capacity but requires fire protection; dry-type is safer for confined spaces.
Q: How to calculate required capacity?
あ: Sum all load power (kVA) and reserve 20%~30% margin.
Q: How to reduce transformer noise?
あ: Select low-noise designs (例えば, step-lap core) or install soundproof enclosures.
